Mediterranean and plant-based diets linked to lower risk of chronic constipation

A study published online in Gastroenterology on July 2, 2025, suggests that long-term dietary patterns may play a significant role in the risk of developing chronic constipation in middle-aged and older adults.

Researchers followed nearly 96,000 participants over several years to examine how different eating habits influenced the likelihood of developing constipation, defined as symptoms lasting at least 12 weeks per year.

How the study was conducted

Participants completed regular dietary questionnaires and were grouped into five distinct dietary patterns:

  • Mediterranean-style diet
  • Plant-based diet excluding meat
  • Low-carbohydrate diet
  • Western diet (high in red and processed meats and refined grains)
  • Pro-inflammatory diet rich in ultra-processed foods

Researchers then tracked who developed chronic constipation over time and compared outcomes across dietary groups.

Key findings

The study found that participants who consistently followed a Mediterranean-style diet or a plant-based diet had a lower risk of developing chronic constipation compared with those following a Western or pro-inflammatory diet.

No significant difference in constipation risk was observed among participants following a low-carbohydrate diet.

Overall, healthier dietary patterns rich in whole plant foods were associated with improved digestive outcomes, while Western-style eating patterns were linked to higher risk.

Why diet affects gut function

Researchers explain that Mediterranean and plant-based diets are naturally high in dietary fiber, which increases stool bulk and helps it move more easily through the digestive tract.

These diets also provide nutrients such as probiotics, antioxidants, and polyphenols, which may work together to support gut microbiome balance and improve overall digestive health.

Takeaway

The findings suggest that long-term dietary choices — particularly those emphasizing plant-based and Mediterranean-style foods — may play an important role in maintaining healthy bowel function and reducing the risk of chronic constipation.

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